\u003C/p>\u003Cp>How AI can level the playing field between top performers and less experienced staff\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The potential for massive cost savings and efficiency gains across various industries\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The ethical implications of AI in the workplace - threat or opportunity?\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Real-world implementation strategies and challenges\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr />\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Whether you're a CEO looking to gain a competitive edge, an HR director aiming to optimize your workforce, or simply curious about the future of work, this episode is a must-listen. We'll separate hype from reality and give you actionable insights on how AI might transform your professional life.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Tune in for a fascinating glimpse into a future where humans and AI work side by side. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>The workplace revolution is here - are you ready?\u003C/p>","episodic","storage/podcasts/a916dc01-1db2-4f42-aaf0-e30bf94c491d/images/bb0d16b6-e14e-4b9f-8a31-8f81469302e9.jpg",{"image_80":13,"image_180":14,"image_240":15,"image_600":16,"image_1280":17},"storage/podcasts/a916dc01-1db2-4f42-aaf0-e30bf94c491d/images/bb0d16b6-e14e-4b9f-8a31-8f81469302e9_80.jpg","storage/podcasts/a916dc01-1db2-4f42-aaf0-e30bf94c491d/images/bb0d16b6-e14e-4b9f-8a31-8f81469302e9_180.jpg","storage/podcasts/a916dc01-1db2-4f42-aaf0-e30bf94c491d/images/bb0d16b6-e14e-4b9f-8a31-8f81469302e9_240.jpg","storage/podcasts/a916dc01-1db2-4f42-aaf0-e30bf94c491d/images/bb0d16b6-e14e-4b9f-8a31-8f81469302e9_600.jpg","storage/podcasts/a916dc01-1db2-4f42-aaf0-e30bf94c491d/images/bb0d16b6-e14e-4b9f-8a31-8f81469302e9_1280.jpg","https://cloud.mave.digital/58641","Sergio Voropaev",false,32,2,{"rate":24,"count":22},5,[26,29,32],{"name":27,"subcategory":28,"is_main":20},"Образование","Самосовершенствование",{"name":30,"subcategory":31,"is_main":20},"Бизнес","Управление",{"name":33,"is_main":34},"Технологии",true,[36],1,"Lets connect","ceo@greatleveler.com",{"facebook":40,"twitter":41,"instagram":40,"telegram":42,"vk":40,"patreon":40,"boosty":40},null,"https://x.com/greatlevelercom","https://t.me/greatlevelercom",{"apple_id":44,"apple":45,"google":40,"spotify":46,"yandex":47,"vk":40,"castbox":48,"soundstream":40,"deezer":49,"overcast":50,"podcastAddict":50,"pocketCasts":50,"youtube":51,"soundcloud":40,"zvuk":50,"youtubeMusic":52,"myBook":40,"litres":53},1774183463,"https://podcasts.apple.com/ru/podcast/ai-synergy/id1774183463","https://open.spotify.com/show/2799vuVV6ZM7ipuxqHsEmM?si=LFkhdF-2QqWpMAE5xAC0FQ&nd=1&dlsi=0518d31c491e497b","https://music.yandex.ru/album/33938902","https://castbox.fm/channel/id6318548?country=ru","https://deezer.com/show/1001326571","","https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLinPRXtk3-haYmjeEt_urdTKOji-r07l5","https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLinPRXtk3-haYmjeEt_urdTKOji-r07l5","https://www.litres.ru/podcast/sergio-voropaev/ai-synergy-71218483/",[55],{"id":56,"podcast_id":7,"name":19,"info":57,"image":58,"createdAt":59,"updatedAt":60,"contact_id":40},"dba1999e-f8b8-4181-9f09-f7bd44a86280","Founder of Great Leveler AI - a platform helping tech leaders boost productivity by 43% through AI implementation. Former Swiss VC mentor, successful founder of multiple tech startups, and expert in AI business integration and scaling.","storage/podcasts/a916dc01-1db2-4f42-aaf0-e30bf94c491d/contacts/0361e8d5-08a5-4aab-b563-7c950643919e.jpeg","2024-11-14T10:46:22.583Z","2024-11-14T10:46:22.727Z",{"id":62,"number":63,"season":36,"title":64,"description":65,"type":66,"image":11,"audio":67,"duration":68,"is_explicit":20,"code":63,"publish_date":69,"listenings":63,"is_transcription_hidden":20,"text":70,"is_private":20,"plans":40,"video":40,"images":71,"reactions":72,"chapters":78,"relevantEpisodes":79},"2765ff53-98aa-4b54-a928-e61fb29b8bbd",17,"Digital Immortality: How a Fly's Brain Maps Our Future","\u003Cp>Dive into a revolutionary breakthrough where artificial intelligence and neuroscience converge to create the world's first complete digital twin of a brain. Follow the journey of mapping all 100,000 neurons in a fruit fly's mind - a milestone that marks our first step toward human digital immortality. From nanoscale imaging to AI-powered neural predictions, discover how this tiny insect's virtual brain clone is paving the way for preserving human consciousness in digital form. Join us as we explore the thrilling possibilities, ethical implications, and groundbreaking technology behind the quest to digitize consciousness.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr />\u003C/p>\u003Cb>\u003Ca href=\"https://\">FlyWire Brain Dataset 14Gb\u003C/a>\u003C/b>\u003Cp>Connectome of a female adult fly brain. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>Exploring version v783 that includes:\u003C/p>\u003Cp>139,255 proofread cells\t\u003C/p>\u003Cp>138,325 (99%) typed or labeled cells\u003C/p>\u003Cp>2,700,513 connections\u003C/p>\u003Cp>34,153,566 synapses\u003C/p>","full","storage/podcasts/a916dc01-1db2-4f42-aaf0-e30bf94c491d/episodes/2765ff53-98aa-4b54-a928-e61fb29b8bbd.mp3",1556,"2024-11-18T12:10:00.852Z","Speaker 1 00:00:00\n\nWelcome to the deep dive. Get ready, because today we're going to be exploring something pretty mind-blowing. A complete connectome of an adult fruit fly brain. Wow. Yeah. We're talking about mapping every single neuron in synapse, like having a detailed wiring diagram of a thinking machine. Yeah. This level of detail has never been achieved before, even in simpler organisms. And to help us unpack all of this, we have an expert joining us\n\nSpeaker 0 00:00:28\n\ntoday. Happy to be here.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:00:29\n\nThis is going to be fascinating.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:00:30\n\nIt is quite remarkable.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:00:32\n\nSo we'll be diving into not just how this map was created, but also what it's already revealing about how brains function. Exactly. To guide us, we've got some incredible research. Yeah. A stack of papers hot off the press.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:00:45\n\nReally cutting edge stuff.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:00:46\n\nThere's a groundbreaking 2018 paper describing how they imaged the whole fly brain at synaptic resolution. Then a 2023 paper on the Flywire project. Yeah. This massive citizen science effort to proofread and annotate all that data.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:01:01\n\nHuge. amount of data and then of course we can't forget about yeah the two 2024 papers yeah one analyzing the complete annotated connectome giving us insights into things like neurotransmitter types and information flow through the brain that's amazing and the other paper focuses on the fly's visual system okay a complete parts list for how a fly sees the world wow so by the end of this deep dive you'll not only grasp the sheer scale of this scientific achievement right but also also understand what a connectome is and why it's so revolutionary yeah and most importantly you'll walk away with a new appreciation for the complexity and beauty of even a tiny fly brain totally ready to get started let's dive in okay\n\nSpeaker 1 00:01:48\n\nfirst things first yeah why the fruit fly right what makes this little creature so crucial for brain research so the fruit fly yeah drosophila melanogaster has been a star in biological research for over a century oh wow it's valuable for a couple of reasons okay first it's genetically accessible scientists can manipulate its genes relatively easily to study the effects on development and behavior so it's like\n\nSpeaker 0 00:02:12\n\na tiny buzzing laboratory exactly okay cool and despite its small size the fruit fly displays surprisingly sophisticated behaviors oh really like learning navigation, even courtship, and decision-making. This complexity, combined with its genetic accessibility, makes it a perfect model for understanding the neural basis of behavior.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:02:34\n\nOkay, so we've got this tiny but mighty fly brain. Yeah. Before we get into the mapping, can you give us a quick overview of its structure?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:02:41\n\nOf course. Okay. The adult fly brain consists of about 100,000 neurons. Which is impressive, considering it's only about the size of a poppy seed. Wow. It's organized into several main parts. The central brain, which handles things like learning and memory, the optic lobes responsible for processing visual information, and the ventral nerve cord, which is analogous to our spinal cord, carrying signals between the brain and the rest of the body.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:03:08\n\nSo even in a tiny brain, there's specialization, different parts for different jobs. Right. That makes sense. I guess specialization is a hallmark of complex systems.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:03:18\n\nAbsolutely. Within the brain itself, there are specialized compartments called neuropills. Okay. Densely packed regions where synapses, the connections between neurons occur.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:03:29\n\nNeuropills got it. Yeah. So we've got this intricate network of neurons and synapses. How on earth do scientists map something so incredibly small and complex? Right. This is where it gets really mind-blowing, right?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:03:41\n\nIt is quite a feat. Yeah. The key is a technique called volume electron microscopy, or EM for short. Okay. It allows us to image the brain at nanometer resolution, which is about 100,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:03:56\n\nHold on. Nanometer resolution. Yeah. That's practically seeing individual molecules. Yeah. How do they even slice a brain that thin?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:04:03\n\nIt requires specialized equipment and incredible precision. Oh. Imagine slicing a brain thinner than a human hair and taking millions of high-resolution pictures. Then a powerful computer stitches them together. Wow. To create a 3D model you can explore. It's like having Google Earth, but for a brain.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:04:21\n\nOkay, so we've got this amazing 3D model of the fly brain. Yeah. But how do you go from a bunch of images to an actual connectome? Right. A map of all the neural connections. Yeah. That seems like another huge leap.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:04:35\n\nIt is. And this is where the incredible Flywire project comes in.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:04:38\n\nOkay, let's talk Flywire. Yeah. From what I've read, this is where the power of the crowd comes in. It is. Thousands of volunteers helping to map the brain. You got it.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:04:47\n\nSo Flywire is a citizen science project where anyone can contribute to mapping the fly brain connectome. Cool. Volunteers use specialized software to proofread and refine the computer-generated tracing of neurons in the EM images.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:05:02\n\nSo they're basically making sure the computer got it right, like double-checking its work. Exactly.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:05:06\n\nOh, wow. It's a bit like connecting the dots, but the dots are synapses and the lines are the intricate branches of neurons.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:05:12\n\nFascinating. And just how many people were involved in this massive\n\nSpeaker 0 00:05:16\n\nundertaking? The Flywire project has had over 100 human annotators contribute over 1000 edits each. Wow. It's a testament to the power of collaborative science, turning a mountain of data into meaningful information.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:05:30\n\nIt's truly awe-inspiring to think about all those people coming together to map a brain, but let's talk numbers. Just how big is this\n\nSpeaker 0 00:05:37\n\nconnectome? The Flywire project has traced a remarkable 139,255 neurons and identified 54.5 million synapses between them. They've even categorized over 8,400 distinct cell types within the fly\n\nSpeaker 1 00:05:55\n\nbrain. Whoa, 8,400 cell types. That's way more than anyone expected, right? It is. And this is just in one fly brain. Imagine the diversity we'll find when we map the connectomes of other species. Absolutely.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:06:08\n\nAnd what's really exciting is that this connectome is incredibly accurate. They compared it with a partially overlapping data set called the hemibrain. Huh? And found very good agreement. So we can be confident that this map is a reliable representation of the fly's neural wiring, which is crucial for drawing meaningful conclusions.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:06:24\n\nSo we've got this incredibly detailed map of the fly brain. We do. But what does it actually tell us? Right. What secrets are hidden within those connections? Yeah. It's not just a pretty picture, right? It's not. It's a window into how the fly brain actually works.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:06:39\n\nPrecisely. And one of the first things that surprised researchers was the tight clustering of neurons.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:06:47\n\nTight clustering. What does that mean?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:06:49\n\nWell, previous studies using light microscopy suggested that neurons of the same type were somewhat randomly distributed in certain brain regions. Okay. Yeah. But the EM reconstruction revealed something different. What's that? It showed that neurons of the same type actually cluster together much more tightly than we thought.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:07:07\n\nSo, like, it tracks, like, even in the brain. Apparently so. What's the significance of this clustering?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:07:12\n\nIt has many implications. Like what? It suggests potential developmental mechanisms. Maybe neurons of the same type are born together and migrate to the same areas. It could also influence how neurons sample information from their surroundings. If neurons of the same type are clustered together, they might be processing similar types of input. Interesting.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:07:32\n\nSo it's not just about the connections themselves, but also about the spatial arrangement of those connections. That's right. What else have we learned from this connectome?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:07:42\n\nOne of the most exciting discoveries has been the ability to predict neurotransmitter types.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:07:46\n\nWait, you can tell what kind of chemical signal a neuron uses just by looking at its structure in the EM images?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:07:53\n\nWe can.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:07:53\n\nHow is that possible?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:07:55\n\nIt's thanks to artificial intelligence.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:07:57\n\nOh, wow.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:07:58\n\nResearchers trained a neural network to analyze the EM images and predict the neurotransmitters used by each neuron. based on subtle structural features of a synapses.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:08:09\n\nThat's incredible. So knowing which neurons use which chemicals to communicate is a game changer. It is. It's like understanding the language of the brain. Exactly. And with AI, we can now predict this for an entire connectome. This opens up incredible possibilities for studying how information flows and how behaviors are generated.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:08:27\n\nAbsolutely. This AI-based prediction is a huge GE step forward. Previously, obtaining this kind of information required laborious and time-consuming experimental methods. Right. Now we have a tool that can rapidly analyze the entire connectome and give us a good idea of the chemical signaling landscape in the brain.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:08:47\n\nSo by combining the connectome with these neurotransmitter predictions, we're getting a much richer understanding of how information flows through the brain, right? You got it.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:08:56\n\nThe concept of information flow in the brain is crucial. Okay. Think of it like a relay race. A signal passes from one neuron to the next, each one processing and transforming the message along the way. Okay. By mapping the connections, we can trace the entire race course and understand how the brain transforms input into output.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:09:14\n\nThis is truly revolutionary. It's like going from a static map of roads to actually seeing the traffic flow. It is. But we've only scratched the surface of what we can learn from this connectome, right?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:09:24\n\nAbsolutely. This is just the beginning. Yeah. There are so many more questions to explore. Now that we have a complete wiring diagram, we can start to build computational models that simulate the activity of the fly brain.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:09:35\n\nSo like creating a virtual fly brain in a computer. Exactly. Could we manipulate the connections, change the activity of certain neurons, and see how it affects the fly's behavior in the simulation?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:09:46\n\nExactly. We could play what-if games with the brain to figure out what makes it tick. Wow. We can test hypotheses that would be impossible to test in the real world.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:09:56\n\nThis is amazing. It feels like we're on the verge of a whole new era in brain research.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:10:01\n\nIt does feel that way.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:10:02\n\nBut can we really extrapolate from flies to humans? Right. Our brains are vastly more complex. They are. What are the limitations of this approach?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:10:10\n\nThat's true. Obviously, flies don't have the same cognitive abilities as humans. Right. They don't have language consciousness or the capacity for abstract thought.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:10:18\n\nSo there are certain aspects of human intelligence that we simply can't study in flies. That's right.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:10:24\n\nBut that doesn't mean we can't learn anything valuable. Okay. Even studying simpler forms of intelligence can give us insights into the neural mechanisms underlying more complex forms. At the level of individual neurons and synapses, the basic principles of neural communication are remarkably conserved across species.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:10:43\n\nSo the language of the brain is, to some extent, universal. Yes.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:10:48\n\nAnd while the human brain has billions of neurons compared to the fly's hundred thousand. Right. There are fundamental organizational principles that we share. Okay. For example, both fly and human brains are organized into specialized regions with distinct functions, and both use a variety of neurotransmitters to communicate between neurons.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:11:08\n\nSo by studying the fly brain, we can learn about the basic building blocks of intelligence. Exactly.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:11:13\n\nIt's like starting with a simpler model system to understand the fundamental principles before tackling the more challenging cases. Right. What we learn from flies can inform our research on more complex brains.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:11:24\n\nFascinating. Speaking of seeing the world. Yeah. Let's dive into the fly's visual system. I'm particularly interested in this because it's like getting a glimpse into a completely different way of experiencing reality. It is.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:11:35\n\nYeah. The fly's visual system is truly remarkable. Yeah. And... Thanks to this connectome, we now have a complete parts list for how it works. Wow. The 2024 paper focusing on the optic lobe provides an unprecedented level of detail. They identified over 700 cell types in the optic lobe alone. Wow. That's many more than we previously knew existed.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:12:00\n\n700 cell types just for vision. That's mind-blowing. It is. What kind of diversity are we talking about?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:12:06\n\nThese cell types vary widely in size, shape, and connectivity. Okay. Some are tiny and process information from a very small region of the visual field. Others are much larger and integrate information from a wider area. Right. This reflects the complex computations involved in vision, extracting information about motion color objects, depth. It's all happening in these intricate circuits of the optic lobe.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:12:29\n\nSo each cell type is like a specialized worker contributing to the overall task of seeing. I'm curious, what can we infer about the function of these different cell types based on their connections?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:12:39\n\nThat's one of the most exciting aspects of this connectome. Really? By analyzing the wiring diagram, researchers can start to make educated guesses about the roles of different cell types. Okay. For example, some cells are connected in ways that suggest they're involved in detecting motion. Others seem to be specialized for recognizing objects. Right. Still others might be involved in processing color information.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:13:02\n\nSo it's like having a map of the brain A and D, a key, that tells you what each part is likely doing. Exactly. Amazing. Is there anything else that stands out about the organization of the fly's visual system?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:13:14\n\nOne interesting finding is that many cell types are arranged to cover the entire visual field in a relatively uniform way. Okay. This is called tiling, and it ensures efficient processing of visual information. Okay. It's like having a grid of sensors, each responsible for a small patch of the visual world.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:13:32\n\nSo the fly's eye is divided into these tiny processing units, each with its own specialized team of neurons. Exactly. It's incredibly efficient. It is. We've got this incredibly detailed map of the fly's visual system. We do. But how does the fly actually perceive the world? Right. What does its visual experience look like?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:13:51\n\nThat's a question that's fascinated scientists for decades. Yeah. And while this connectome doesn't give us a direct answer, it provides invaluable clues. Okay. We can now start to build models that simulate the activity of these visual circuits and see how they respond to different visual stimuli. Uh-huh. We can explore how the fly detects motion. recognizes objects, and navigates its environment.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:14:15\n\nIt's like we're starting to see the world through the fly's eyes, and who knows what amazing insights we'll uncover. Right. This is just the beginning.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:14:22\n\nThe beginning of a new era?\n\nSpeaker 1 00:14:23\n\nI'm already buzzing with excitement for what the future holds for connectome research. Me too. But for now, let's take a moment to appreciate the sheer wonder of this scientific feat. I agree. We've mapped an entire brain down to the level of individual synapses. It's incredible. It's a testament to human ingenuity and the power of collaborative science. Well said. We've covered a lot of ground in this deep dive. Yeah. But there's still one more exciting aspect of this research to explore. Right. The fly's extraordinary oscillar circuit. Wow. It's a specialized visual system that plays a crucial role crucial role in flight control and navigation.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:15:00\n\nThat sounds fascinating.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:15:02\n\nStay tuned as we delve into the fascinating world of the fly's third eye.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:15:06\n\nI can't wait. Welcome back to our deep dive into the fly brain connectome.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:15:10\n\nYeah, we've covered some truly amazing round already, from the basics of the fruit fly brain to the technology and human effort behind this connectome.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:15:19\n\nRight, but now it's time to zoom out a bit and tackle some broader questions.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:15:23\n\nOkay, I'm ready for the big picture stuff.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:15:25\n\nWhat are the implications of this research for our understanding of intelligence? Can we really learn about the human brain from studying flies? These are the questions we'll be exploring.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:15:36\n\nThose are some big, fascinating questions. Yeah. Where do we even begin?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:15:40\n\nWell, let's start with one of the most fundamental questions in neuroscience.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:15:43\n\nOkay.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:15:44\n\nHow do brains produce behavior? How do these intricate networks of neurons and synapses give rise to the complex actions, thoughts, and feelings we experience?\n\nSpeaker 1 00:15:55\n\nIt's kind of like the mind-body problem. Yeah. But at the level of neurons and circuits. Exactly.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:16:00\n\nAnd for centuries, this question has remained a mystery. But with connectomes, we finally have a tool that could help us unlock it.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:16:09\n\nSo by mapping the connections, we can start to understand the computations that underlie behavior.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:16:14\n\nThink of it this way. If you want to understand how a computer works, you need to know more than just the individual components. Right. You need to know how those components are connected, how they interact with each other. Okay. The connectome gives us that wiring diagram for the brain.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:16:29\n\nHold on. Is it really fair to compare a fly brain to a computer? Hmm. I mean, they're both processing information, but are they doing it in the same way?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:16:37\n\nThat's a great point. It's important to remember that brains are far more complex than computers. Even a tiny fly brain with its millions of connections. Right. But that's where the power of computational modeling comes in.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:16:49\n\nOkay.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:16:50\n\nWe can use computers to simulate the activity of those millions of connections and see how they give rise to behavior.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:16:57\n\nSo we can create virtual fly brains in a computer and then experiment with them.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:17:02\n\nWe can manipulate the connections, change the strength of synapses, add or remove neurons and see how it affects the fly's behavior in the simulation.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:17:10\n\nSo it's like a virtual laboratory for brain research. Yeah. We can test hypotheses that would be impossible to test in the real world.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:17:18\n\nThat's incredible. It is a powerful tool, and this is where the true potential of connectomes lies. Okay. They provide a framework for understanding the relationship between brain structure and function.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:17:27\n\nThis is all incredibly exciting, but I can't help but wonder, can we really apply what we learn from flies to humans? Right. I mean, our brains are so much more complex.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:17:38\n\nThat's a valid concern. Yeah, of course. There are limitations to this approach. Like what? Flies don't have the same cognitive abilities as humans. Okay. They don't have language consciousness or the capacity for abstract thought. Well, there are also surprising similarities between fly and human brains. Okay. At the level of individual neurons and synapses, the basic principles of neural communication are remarkably conserved across species.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:18:02\n\nSo even though our brains are vastly different in scale and complexity, there's a shared language, a fundamental set of rules.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:18:11\n\nExactly. And while the human brain has billions of neurons compared to the fly's 100,000, there are fundamental organizational principles that we share. Okay. Both fly and human brains are organized into specialized regions and both use a variety of neurotransmitters to communicate between neurons.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:18:28\n\nSo by studying the fly brain, we can learn about the basic building blocks of intelligence, the foundation upon which more complex brains are built.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:18:36\n\nPrecisely. It's about understanding the spectrum of intelligence from simple to complex. Okay. By studying the diversity of brains across species, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the evolution of intelligence. Okay.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:18:47\n\nThat makes sense. So even though flies may not be pondering existential questions or writing poetry, their brains can still teach us a lot about the fundamental principles of how brains work.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:18:59\n\nExactly. And what we learn from flies can inform our research on more complex brains. Yeah. It's like starting with a simpler model system to understand the fundamental principles before tackling the more challenging cases. Right.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:19:12\n\nThis has been a really thought-provoking conversation. Good. It's amazing to think that a tiny fly brain can teach us so much about the nature of intelligence.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:19:20\n\nIt is remarkable.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:19:21\n\nBut there's one more area I'd like to touch on. Okay. We've been talking about the potential benefits of this research, but are there also potential risks?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:19:29\n\nThat's an important question. As with any powerful technology, there are always potential downsides that need to be carefully considered.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:19:36\n\nSo what are some of the potential risks or ethical considerations associated with connectome research?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:19:41\n\nWell, one concern is the potential for misuse of this technology. For example, if we gain the ability to manipulate neural circuits with precision. We need to be extremely careful about how that power is used. Right.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:19:54\n\nIf we could potentially alter someone's thoughts, emotions, or behaviors by tweaking their neural connections, that raises some serious ethical questions.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:20:03\n\nAbsolutely. It's essential that we engage in open and honest discussions about the ethical implications of this research as it advances. We need to establish clear guidelines and regulations to ensure that this technology is used responsibly and for the benefit of humanity.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:20:18\n\nIt sounds like we need to be having those conversations now before the technology outpaces our ethical understanding. I agree.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:20:25\n\nOpen dialogue and careful consideration are crucial. But despite these challenges, the potential benefits of connectome research are vast. Okay. Imagine a future where we can diagnose and treat brain disorders with unprecedented precision, where we can understand and address the root causes of conditions like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and autism.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:20:45\n\nThat's an incredible vision and a powerful reminder of why this research is so important. It is. But we need to proceed with caution and wisdom. Okay, I think we've covered a lot of ground here, from the nitty-gritty details of connectome mapping to the grand implications for understanding intelligence and the ethical considerations we need to address.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:21:04\n\nWe have, and I'm glad we could explore those broader aspects, but... we still have one fascinating piece of the puzzle to uncover. Oh. The fly's third eye, the ocellar circuit.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:21:15\n\nRight. We can't forget about that it's a specialized visual system that plays a crucial role in flight control and navigation. Stay tuned as we delve into the fascinating world of the fly's ocellar circuit. Welcome back to the Deep Dive. We've explored the fly's intricate visual system, delved into the broader implications of connectome research, and now it's time for a truly unique part of the fly's sensory world. Right. The ocellar circuit.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:21:40\n\nYeah, it's a fascinating area of study, often overlooked, but crucial to the fly's ability to navigate and survive.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:21:46\n\nOkay, so remind me what exactly is a cellar circuit? It's like a third eye, right?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:21:50\n\nYou could say that flies have those two large compound eyes we typically picture. Right. But they also have three simple eyes called ocelli located on the top of their head.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:21:59\n\nThree eyes. Yes. Okay. That eye is wild. What do these ocelli actually do? Are they like backup eyes in case the compound eyes malfunction?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:22:07\n\nNot quite. The ocelli have the very specific function. They're primarily involved in detecting changes in light intensity. Okay. Which helps the fly maintain stable flight and navigate its environment. Think of it like a built-in horizon detector.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:22:21\n\nSo they're more like specialized light sensors. Yeah. Providing information about the fly's orientation.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:22:27\n\nExactly. And what's remarkable is that this seemingly simple function. is carried out by a surprisingly complex neural circuit. Really? Thanks to the flywire connectome, we now have a detailed map of this ocellar circuit. Okay. Allowing us to trace the connections from the photoreceptors in the ocelli all the way to the motor neurons that control the flies, wings, and muscles.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:22:49\n\nSo we can actually see how light information is transformed into action. That's incredible. Can you walk us through this circuit? Sure. What are the key players?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:22:57\n\nThe main pathway from the ocelli to the central brain is through a group of neurons called OCG01 interneurons. Okay. These neurons receive input from the ocelli and relay that information to other parts of the brain, including regions involved in motor control.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:23:11\n\nSo the OCG01 neurons are like the middlemen between the ocelli and the muscles, translating light information into instructions for movement.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:23:20\n\nA perfect analogy. And here's where it gets even more interesting. Okay. There are two types of OCG01 neurons. Oh. Some are predicted to be excitatory, meaning they activate the neurons they connect to. Okay. Others are predicted to be inhibitory, meaning they suppress the activity of their target neurons.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:23:38\n\nSo it's a push-pull system, some neurons telling the muscles to contract, others telling them to relax. Precisely.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:23:45\n\nThis balance of excitation and inhibition is crucial for fine-tuning the fly's movements, ensuring they're smooth and precise.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:23:52\n\nSo that makes sense. But how does the fly integrate information from the ocelli with information from its compound eyes? Right. Are these two visual systems working completely independently?\n\nSpeaker 0 00:24:03\n\nThat's a great question. Yeah. And the answer is no, they're not independent. Okay. The ocellular circuit is actually tightly integrated with the visual pathways from the compound eyes. Oh, wow. This allows the fly to combine information about light intensity from the ocelli with information about motion color and objects from the compound eyes, creating a richer, and more comprehensive representation of the world.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:24:25\n\nSo it's a multi-sensory experience. The fly's brain is blending information from all its senses to create a more complete picture.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:24:33\n\nExactly. This integration of sensory information is essential for the fly's survival, allowing it to navigate its environment, effectively avoid obstacles and find food. Wow. It's a beautiful example of how different parts of the brain work together seamlessly to guide behavior.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:24:50\n\nThis has been an incredible journey. We've gone from the microscopic world of synapses and neurons to the grand questions of intelligence consciousness and the ethics of brain research. It's truly mind-boggling to think that so much complexity can be packed into such a tiny brain. I agree.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:25:06\n\nThe fly brain connectome is a testament to the power of scientific inquiry and the endless wonders of the natural world.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:25:13\n\nWe've explored the intricate wiring of the fly brain, uncovered hidden patterns in its neural architecture, and considered the broader implications of this groundbreaking research for understanding intelligence and the potential for future medical breakthroughs. We even got a glimpse into the world through the fly's eyes, including its remarkable third eye. the oscillator circuit.\n\nSpeaker 0 00:25:33\n\nIt's truly a remarkable achievement, this mapping of an entire brain. Yeah. And it's just the beginning. Right. As we continue to map the connectomes of more complex brains, who knows what incredible discoveries await us.\n\nSpeaker 1 00:25:45\n\nIt's an exciting time to be exploring the brain, that's for sure. Thank you so much for joining us on this deep dive into the fly brain connectome. Until next time, keep exploring, keep questioning, and never stop wondering.",{"image_80":13,"image_180":14,"image_240":15,"image_600":16,"image_1280":17},[73,76],{"type":74,"count":75},"like","0",{"type":77,"count":75},"dislike",[],[80,90,100,110,120,129,139,148,158],{"id":81,"number":82,"season":36,"title":83,"description":84,"type":66,"image":11,"audio":85,"duration":86,"is_explicit":20,"code":82,"publish_date":87,"listenings":88,"is_private":20,"plans":40,"video":40,"images":89},"fed0ca8e-010f-4187-9562-1dbbfdd45a95",16,"Chain of Thought: How AI Gets Smarter Through Error-Aware Training","Dive into groundbreaking research that's revolutionizing how \u003Cb>AI\u003C/b> learns to think. Discover why teaching language models to recognize and learn from their mistakes leads to more robust and reliable performance. From \u003Cb>GPT-4 to Gemini Pro\u003C/b>, see how error-aware training is pushing the boundaries of artificial intelligence and challenging our traditional approaches to learning.\u003Cp>\u003Cbr />\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>Episode Highlights:\u003C/b>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>Chain of Thought (CoT)\u003C/b> Prompting: Stepwise vs. Coherent Approaches\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The Power of Error-Aware Demonstrations in AI Learning\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Why Mistakes in the Middle Matter More Than Final Answers\u003C/p>\u003Cp>How AI Models Learn from Their Own Errors\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Revolutionary Results:\u003Cb> 5%\u003C/b>+ Accuracy Improvements Across Major LLMs\u003C/p>","storage/podcasts/a916dc01-1db2-4f42-aaf0-e30bf94c491d/episodes/fed0ca8e-010f-4187-9562-1dbbfdd45a95.mp3",910,"2024-11-15T10:07:11.776Z",25,{"image_80":13,"image_180":14,"image_240":15,"image_600":16,"image_1280":17},{"id":91,"number":92,"season":36,"title":93,"description":94,"type":66,"image":11,"audio":95,"duration":96,"is_explicit":20,"code":92,"publish_date":97,"listenings":98,"is_private":20,"plans":40,"video":40,"images":99},"002cb48a-e0d4-4803-a6dc-0435a6b8b32a",15,"Radio-Waves Vision Robots: How AI is Giving Machines Superhuman Senses","Join us as we dive into the revolutionary technology of \u003Cb>Panoradar\u003C/b>—a groundbreaking AI system giving robots a superpower once limited to sci-fi: seeing through walls, smoke, and obstacles. From life-saving search and rescue to self-driving breakthroughs, discover how AI and radio waves are reshaping the way robots \"see\" and interact with the world.","storage/podcasts/a916dc01-1db2-4f42-aaf0-e30bf94c491d/episodes/002cb48a-e0d4-4803-a6dc-0435a6b8b32a.mp3",812,"2024-11-15T06:52:40.209Z",20,{"image_80":13,"image_180":14,"image_240":15,"image_600":16,"image_1280":17},{"id":101,"number":102,"season":36,"title":103,"description":104,"type":66,"image":11,"audio":105,"duration":106,"is_explicit":20,"code":102,"publish_date":107,"listenings":108,"is_private":20,"plans":40,"video":40,"images":109},"a4e3f283-5622-4551-ba6f-988d8af18aa3",14,"OpenAI's O1 AI's evolution beyond mere pattern recognition.","Dive into the mind-bending world of AI's \"reasoning era\" as we explore OpenAI's groundbreaking O1 model (formerly Strawberry). O1 can strategize and think step-by-step like humans do. \u003Cp>We unpack \u003Cb>Sequoia Capital'\u003C/b>s latest insights on \u003Cb>OpenAI\u003C/b>’s model O1, a game-changer in artificial reasoning, and dive into cognitive architectures.\u003C/p>","storage/podcasts/a916dc01-1db2-4f42-aaf0-e30bf94c491d/episodes/a4e3f283-5622-4551-ba6f-988d8af18aa3.mp3",1125,"2024-11-14T14:03:24.832Z",22,{"image_80":13,"image_180":14,"image_240":15,"image_600":16,"image_1280":17},{"id":111,"number":112,"season":36,"title":113,"description":114,"type":66,"image":11,"audio":115,"duration":116,"is_explicit":20,"code":112,"publish_date":117,"listenings":118,"is_private":20,"plans":40,"video":40,"images":119},"cc2a2fe8-8a86-4472-83c4-c7349da3c165",13,"SoundStorm Unleashed: Revolutionizing Audio Generation with Lightning Speed","Dive into the frontier of #audio innovation as we break down\u003Cp>This cutting-edge model generates audio at speeds \u003Cb>100x faster\u003C/b> than previous systems, redefining what's possible in \u003Cb>#music, #podcasts, #games\u003C/b>, and more. Join us as we explore the neural #codecs, parallel #decoding, and confidence-based sampling that make \u003Cb>SoundStorm\u003C/b> so powerful. From hyper-realistic #dialogues to adaptive #soundscapes, discover how this tech could transform #entertainment, #accessibility, and even #healthcare.\u003C/p>","storage/podcasts/a916dc01-1db2-4f42-aaf0-e30bf94c491d/episodes/cc2a2fe8-8a86-4472-83c4-c7349da3c165.mp3",1076,"2024-11-13T15:27:38.972Z",19,{"image_80":13,"image_180":14,"image_240":15,"image_600":16,"image_1280":17},{"id":121,"number":122,"season":36,"title":123,"description":124,"type":66,"image":11,"audio":125,"duration":126,"is_explicit":20,"code":122,"publish_date":127,"listenings":118,"is_private":20,"plans":40,"video":40,"images":128},"216dbfed-d0f6-4b90-a774-b3a3a8931523",12,"The Great AI Chip Race: Tech Giants Break Free from NVIDIA","In this episode, we explore how \u003Cb>Amazon, Google\u003C/b>, and other tech behemoths are shaking up the #AI industry by developing their own custom chips. From Amazon's secretive \u003Cb>Annapurna Labs\u003C/b> to Google's powerful \u003Cb>Trillium\u003C/b> processor, discover how this shift could revolutionize AI accessibility and pricing. Learn why major companies are reducing their reliance on \u003Cb>NVIDIA\u003C/b>, the implications for consumers and startups, and what this means for the future of \u003Cb>artificial intelligence\u003C/b>. Join us for an insightful discussion about what might be the biggest power shift in tech since the personal computing revolution.","storage/podcasts/a916dc01-1db2-4f42-aaf0-e30bf94c491d/episodes/216dbfed-d0f6-4b90-a774-b3a3a8931523.mp3",363,"2024-11-13T10:48:08.094Z",{"image_80":13,"image_180":14,"image_240":15,"image_600":16,"image_1280":17},{"id":130,"number":131,"season":36,"title":132,"description":133,"type":66,"image":11,"audio":134,"duration":135,"is_explicit":20,"code":131,"publish_date":136,"listenings":137,"is_private":20,"plans":40,"video":40,"images":138},"708dbdd4-2e2b-4cd8-8491-f50f73a38dde",11,"The Next 18 Months: Anthropic’s Case for Urgent AI Regulation","Join us on \u003Cb>The Next 18 Months\u003C/b>, where we dive deep into \u003Cb>\u003Ca href=\"https://\">Anthropic\u003C/a>\u003C/b>'s compelling vision for the future of artificial intelligence and the crucial role that regulation will play in shaping it. Discover why experts believe we have just 18 months to get crucial safety measures in place. With AI's capabilities advancing at breakneck speed, Anthropic’s latest report warns that time is running out to establish guidelines that protect society without stifling innovation. In this episode, we explore why experts say the next 18 months could make or break AI’s future and discuss the steps Anthropic believes are necessary to responsibly harness this transformative technology. Tune in as we dissect the risks, the revolutionary potential, and the pressing need for policies that balance safety with progress.","storage/podcasts/a916dc01-1db2-4f42-aaf0-e30bf94c491d/episodes/708dbdd4-2e2b-4cd8-8491-f50f73a38dde.mp3",1086,"2024-11-07T08:01:24.402Z",21,{"image_80":13,"image_180":14,"image_240":15,"image_600":16,"image_1280":17},{"id":140,"number":141,"season":36,"title":142,"description":143,"type":66,"image":11,"audio":144,"duration":145,"is_explicit":20,"code":141,"publish_date":146,"listenings":92,"is_private":20,"plans":40,"video":40,"images":147},"b6025c83-32ab-4144-8890-1e1c8256a0e9",10,"Building the Future of Gaming - AI Next-frame prediction.","Join us as we explore the mind-bending world of \u003Cb>AI-powered gaming\u003C/b>, where \u003Cb>next frame prediction technolog\u003C/b>y is revolutionizing how we interact with virtual worlds. We dive deep into groundbreaking projects from\u003Cb> Descartes and Etche\u003C/b>d, including an \u003Cb>AI version of Minecraft\u003C/b> that responds to players' imagination in real-time. Our expert guest breaks down the technology behind these innovations, from the specialized \u003Cb>Sohu chip\u003C/b> to the broader implications for education, healthcare, and creative expression. Discover how AI isn't just changing how we play games – it's reshaping how we interact with technology itself.","storage/podcasts/a916dc01-1db2-4f42-aaf0-e30bf94c491d/episodes/b6025c83-32ab-4144-8890-1e1c8256a0e9.mp3",893,"2024-11-02T11:22:32.534Z",{"image_80":13,"image_180":14,"image_240":15,"image_600":16,"image_1280":17},{"id":149,"number":150,"season":36,"title":151,"description":152,"type":66,"image":11,"audio":153,"duration":154,"is_explicit":20,"code":150,"publish_date":155,"listenings":156,"is_private":20,"plans":40,"video":40,"images":157},"da0fa61b-1d59-47f4-83d0-7aa1f0e4edcc",9,"The Search Wars: ChatGPT's New Web Powers vs Google & Perplexity","In today’s episode, we're diving into the evolving world of search engines and how groundbreaking upgrades to \u003Cb>\u003Ca href=\"https://\">ChatGPT\u003C/a>\u003C/b>'s search capabilities could be changing the game. Imagine asking a question and getting a direct, sourced answer instead of endless scrolling. We'll explore the magic behind ChatGPT's new real-time web access, how it stacks up against \u003Cb>\u003Ca href=\"https://\">Google Search\u003C/a>\u003C/b> and \u003Cb>\u003Ca href=\"https://\">Perplexity\u003C/a>\u003C/b>, and why this tech revolution might reshape how we explore, learn, and connect with information. From travel tips to stock updates, join us as we break down this “search revolution”—and debate who might come out on top!","storage/podcasts/a916dc01-1db2-4f42-aaf0-e30bf94c491d/episodes/da0fa61b-1d59-47f4-83d0-7aa1f0e4edcc.mp3",564,"2024-10-31T17:34:05.300Z",18,{"image_80":13,"image_180":14,"image_240":15,"image_600":16,"image_1280":17},{"id":159,"number":160,"season":36,"title":161,"description":162,"type":66,"image":11,"audio":163,"duration":164,"is_explicit":20,"code":160,"publish_date":165,"listenings":156,"is_private":20,"plans":40,"video":40,"images":166},"5e9f1099-955a-476a-83da-d29d29b9062a",8,"AI Mediator: How Google DeepMind’s Habermas Could Transform Conflict Resolution","Imagine a world where AI doesn’t just mediate disagreements but actively helps prevent conflicts from escalating, both in person and online. In this episode, we explore Google DeepMind’s latest breakthrough, Habermas (\u003Ca href=\"https://\">Habermas Machine dataset\u003C/a>)—a powerful AI designed to resolve disputes by finding genuine common ground among diverse viewpoints. Joined by an expert guest, we’ll dive into how this technology works, the promising research behind it, and the vast implications for promoting peace and understanding.","storage/podcasts/a916dc01-1db2-4f42-aaf0-e30bf94c491d/episodes/5e9f1099-955a-476a-83da-d29d29b9062a.mp3",774,"2024-10-30T08:51:40.551Z",{"image_80":13,"image_180":14,"image_240":15,"image_600":16,"image_1280":17},["Reactive",168],{"$ssite-config":169},{"_priority":170,"env":174,"name":175,"url":176},{"name":171,"env":172,"url":173},-10,-15,-4,"production","podcast-website","https://greatleveler.mave.digital/",["Set"],["ShallowReactive",179],{"$63LOZx6kQb":-1},"/ep-17",{"common":182},{"activeTab":183,"isShareActive":20,"episodes":184,"contentPosition":20,"podcast":5,"podcastSlug":185,"showPlayer":20,"activeTrack":40,"pauseTrack":20,"activeEpisode":61,"titleHeight":186,"website":187,"listenUrl":40,"isMobileShareActive":20,"isDataLoaded":34,"favicon":50,"customDomain":40,"episodesCount":186},"listen",[],"greatleveler",0,{"button_text":37,"button_link":38,"is_indexing":34,"ym_id":-1,"gtm_id":-1}]